Infectious Diseases - 3 Answers
Random Answers, Critics, Comments, Opinions :
1 :
it has to do with what type of cell wall the bacteria has. such an example is salmonella, it has a lipid membrane that makes it resistant to stomach acid.
2 :
While we are constantly bombarded with micro- organisms every day, our immune system cannot always cope. Some micro-organisms have evolved to trick our immune system or bypass it. HIV is a case in point. TB does have a different cell wall structure. It is also very good at hiding and it grows slowly. Your immune system is very good at what it does, but if it gets compromised for any reason - it can weaken and let the guard down. Your immune system's fighting ability also depends on the amount of organisms it was presented - a high number of bacteria is harder to kill than a few. You know all those things your mom told you to do to stay healthy - eat right, get your rest, exercise and wash your hands. All of those things are also important to keeping your immune system in tip top condition, ready to battle the next intruder. Some people can ward off TB, others cannot. It just depends on the above factors.
3 :
M.tuberculosis , the causative organism for causing tuberculosis , is ingulfed in the body by macrophages . Once inside the macrophage the bacterium replicates with the phagosome by preventing phagosome - lysosome fusion . It has several mechanisms for blocking phagosome lysosome fusion through blockage of recruitment and assembly of proteins which mediate the fusion or inhibition of calcium signals . The genetic makeup of the host may influence the course of the disease . In some individuals with polymorphisms in the NRAMP1 gene , the disease may progress from this point without development of an effective immune response . NRAMP1 is a transmembrane protein found in endosomes and lysosomes that pumps divalent cations into the lysosome . This may have a role in generation of oxygen derived free radicals . After 3 weeks of infection a t-helper cell response against the bacterium is mounted . t-helper cells secrete IFN-gamma that makes the macrophages competent to contain the infection .In addition to stimulating macrophages it also orchestrates the development of caseous necrosis and granulomas
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